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Autism, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, affects social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Impacting around 1% of the global population, this disorder typically manifests early in childhood.
The manifestations of autism vary but often encompass difficulties in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory challenges. Individuals with autism may struggle with understanding non-verbal language, expressing emotions, and adapting to changes.
While the causes of autism remain incompletely understood, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. Genetic research has identified genes linked to brain development and cognitive functions. Environmental factors include viral infections during pregnancy, toxins, and maternal disorders.
The diagnosis of autism relies on professionals in mental health observing signs. Assessment scales measure social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. While there is no cure, interventions such as behavioral therapy and sensory therapy help improve functional abilities.
Recent research has highlighted promising advancements. Behavioral interventions, especially intensive early intervention, show significantly improved outcomes. Innovative treatments, like cannabidiol for anxiety and melatonin for sleep, open new avenues.
Singapore is committed to supporting individuals with autism and their families. The government offers systematic screening at 18 months, specialized education programs, and family support services. Research is progressing, with discoveries on neuronal density and pain sensitivity in individuals with autism.
Progress in Singapore is evident, with an increased diagnostic rate and improvements in specialized education. However, challenges persist, particularly in employment and housing for autistic adults. The government is investing in new programs to address these challenges and enhance the quality of life for individuals with autism at all stages of their lives.
For more information on autism and available resources in Singapore, you can visit the Autism Resource Centre (Singapore), Autism Association (Singapore), and SingHealth.